首先，我先说一下SMB是啥服务，或者说是啥协议，SMB是windows默认自带的共享文件夹的协议；就是你在windows上，右键文件或文件夹，然后选择共享该文件或文件夹时候，共享走的协议！

内网环境分析

首先内网服务器环境是 CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)，然后IP是 192.168.1.111，这个IP我在光猫层面就给固定死了，所以也就是这个内网服务器IP地址永远是 192.168.1.111，之所以没在系统里设置因为偶尔会折腾废了会重装系统，等于我有需要重新配置一遍固定IP，所以为了方便，我直接在光猫层面通过网卡地址直接固定IP了！

再然后就是为了方便我自己部署项目，内网服务器装了宝塔面板和docker，当然这里我只需要提一嘴有宝塔面板即可，因为待会操作需要在宝塔面板里开放端口号，docker跟本博文内容无关，就不细讲了！

我的需求

实现内网文件共享方式有很多，并且在我有宝塔面板的情况下就更简单的，最简单粗暴的就是直接开个FTP账号，但是FTP存在一个问题，就是如果是文件夹有中文名，在windows自带的资源管理器里，通过协议访问（如：ftp://192.168.1.111）这样，中文会乱码，而且一定会要求输入账号密码，本身我内网有完全可以不需要账号密码的；因为家里除了我也没人懂这个；外网又连不进来（虽然有公网IP，但这个公网IP各位都懂48小时运营商自动给你掉线重置，我想也没有哪个大哥闲着无聊天天想办法弄我家公网IP然后黑进来，没啥意义），所以我现在要实现的需求最好的解决方案，在windows下，不需要额外装第三方软件的，就是smb协议了，也就是上面说的共享文件夹，而且一定程度也可以交互也和windows资源管理器同步，也可以直接匿名使用，可以满足我的所有诉求！

准备工作

首先，我们开放445端口，这是smb协议的默认端口，当然我这里是从宝塔面板里面开放的，如果你没装宝塔，那就自己通过执行命令开放端口，当然，这不在本篇博文解释范围内，因为我就喜欢傻瓜式操作！

端口开放后，然后确定下诉求，我这个内网小服务器本来是做软路由的，结果没软起来，后来就纯当本地Web服务器用了，小机器，一共2个硬盘，一个mSATA的固态，一个我从就笔记本下拆下来的2.5寸1T硬盘，很显然，我折腾这个的目的就是做文件备份，所以很显然是存到1T硬盘里的，因为这里我已经吧硬盘挂载好了，所以这里简单配个图，也不展示具体怎么分区格式化盘挂载的了；

搭建SMB服务

其实搭建SMB服务很简单，主要是搞配置文件分配权限这里恶心人；首先装smb很简单，就一句话即可；

yum install -y samba samba-client samba-common

装完了默认就会有配置文件，配置文件路径：/etc/samba/smb.conf，然后编辑这个配置文件，怎么编辑我就不说了，这都是linux基本功；主要说一下配置文件和分享一下我的配置；（我的诉求是匿名直接使用，就是在windows下直接双反斜杠+IP就可以使用，不需要输入账号密码！）

默认配置

# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.

[global]
        workgroup = SAMBA
        security = user

        passdb backend = tdbsam

        printing = cups
        printcap name = cups
        load printers = yes
        cups options = raw

[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        valid users = %S, %D%w%S
        browseable = No
        read only = No
        inherit acls = Yes

[printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/tmp
        printable = Yes
        create mask = 0600
        browseable = No

[print$]
        comment = Printer Drivers
        path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
        write list = @printadmin root
        force group = @printadmin
        create mask = 0664
        directory mask = 0775

完整配置文件

# This is the main Samba configuration file. For detailed information about the
# options listed here, refer to the smb.conf(5) manual page. Samba has a huge
# number of configurable options, most of which are not shown in this example.
#
# The Samba Wiki contains a lot of step-by-step guides installing, configuring,
# and using Samba:
# https://wiki.samba.org/index.php/User_Documentation
#
# In this file, lines starting with a semicolon (;) or a hash (#) are
# comments and are ignored. This file uses hashes to denote commentary and
# semicolons for parts of the file you may wish to configure.
#
# NOTE: Run the "testparm" command after modifying this file to check for basic
# syntax errors.
#
#---------------
# Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) Notes:
#
# Turn the samba_domain_controller Boolean on to allow a Samba PDC to use the
# useradd and groupadd family of binaries. Run the following command as the
# root user to turn this Boolean on:
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# Turn the samba_enable_home_dirs Boolean on if you want to share home
# directories via Samba. Run the following command as the root user to turn this
# Boolean on:
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory, such as a new top-level directory, label it
# with samba_share_t so that SELinux allows Samba to read and write to it. Do
# not label system directories, such as /etc/ and /home/, with samba_share_t, as
# such directories should already have an SELinux label.
#
# Run the "ls -ldZ /path/to/directory" command to view the current SELinux
# label for a given directory.
#
# Set SELinux labels only on files and directories you have created. Use the
# chcon command to temporarily change a label:
# chcon -t samba_share_t /path/to/directory
#
# Changes made via chcon are lost when the file system is relabeled or commands
# such as restorecon are run.
#
# Use the samba_export_all_ro or samba_export_all_rw Boolean to share system
# directories. To share such directories and only allow read-only permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# To share such directories and allow read and write permissions:
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
#
# To run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...), copy them to the
# /var/lib/samba/scripts/ directory so that SELinux will allow smbd to run them.
# Note that if you move the scripts to /var/lib/samba/scripts/, they retain
# their existing SELinux labels, which may be labels that SELinux does not allow
# smbd to run. Copying the scripts will result in the correct SELinux labels.
# Run the "restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts" command as the root user to
# apply the correct SELinux labels to these files.
#
#--------------
#
#======================= Global Settings =====================================

[global]

# ----------------------- Network-Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = the Windows NT domain name or workgroup name, for example, MYGROUP.
#
# server string = the equivalent of the Windows NT Description field.
#
# netbios name = used to specify a server name that is not tied to the hostname,
#                maximum is 15 characters.
#
# interfaces = used to configure Samba to listen on multiple network interfaces.
# If you have multiple interfaces, you can use the "interfaces =" option to
# configure which of those interfaces Samba listens on. Never omit the localhost
# interface (lo).
#
# hosts allow = the hosts allowed to connect. This option can also be used on a
# per-share basis.
#
# hosts deny = the hosts not allowed to connect. This option can also be used on
# a per-share basis.
#
        workgroup = MYGROUP
        server string = Samba Server Version %v

;       netbios name = MYSERVER

;       interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
;       hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.

# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
#
# log file = specify where log files are written to and how they are split.
#
# max log size = specify the maximum size log files are allowed to reach. Log
# files are rotated when they reach the size specified with "max log size".
#

        # log files split per-machine:
        log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
        # maximum size of 50KB per log file, then rotate:
        max log size = 50

# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
#
# security = the mode Samba runs in. This can be set to user, share
# (deprecated), or server (deprecated).
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#

        security = user
        passdb backend = tdbsam


# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
#
# security = must be set to domain or ads.
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
# realm = only use the realm option when the "security = ads" option is set.
# The realm option specifies the Active Directory realm the host is a part of.
#
# password server = only use this option when the "security = server"
# option is set, or if you cannot use DNS to locate a Domain Controller. The
# argument list can include My_PDC_Name, [My_BDC_Name], and [My_Next_BDC_Name]:
#
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
#
# Use "password server = *" to automatically locate Domain Controllers.

;       security = domain
;       passdb backend = tdbsam
;       realm = MY_REALM

;       password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
#
# security = must be set to user for domain controllers.
#
# passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
# installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
# is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
# compatibility.
#
# domain master = specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser, allowing
# Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Do not use the "domain master"
# option if you already have a Windows NT domain controller performing this task.
#
# domain logons = allows Samba to provide a network logon service for Windows
# workstations.
#
# logon script = specifies a script to run at login time on the client. These
# scripts must be provided in a share named NETLOGON.
#
# logon path = specifies (with a UNC path) where user profiles are stored.
#
#
;       security = user
;       passdb backend = tdbsam

;       domain master = yes
;       domain logons = yes

        # the following login script name is determined by the machine name
        # (%m):
;       logon script = %m.bat
        # the following login script name is determined by the UNIX user used:
;       logon script = %u.bat
;       logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u
        # use an empty path to disable profile support:
;       logon path =

        # various scripts can be used on a domain controller or a stand-alone
        # machine to add or delete corresponding UNIX accounts:

;       add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
;       add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
;       add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /bin/false "%u"
;       delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
;       delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
;       delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"


# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
#
# local master = when set to no, Samba does not become the master browser on
# your network. When set to yes, normal election rules apply.
#
# os level = determines the precedence the server has in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable.
#
# preferred master = when set to yes, Samba forces a local browser election at
# start up (and gives itself a slightly higher chance of winning the election).
#
;       local master = no
;       os level = 33
;       preferred master = yes

#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
#
# This section details the support for the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).
#
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS server or a WINS client, but not both.
#
# wins support = when set to yes, the NMBD component of Samba enables its WINS
# server.
#
# wins server = tells the NMBD component of Samba to be a WINS client.
#
# wins proxy = when set to yes, Samba answers name resolution queries on behalf
# of a non WINS capable client. For this to work, there must be at least one
# WINS server on the network. The default is no.
#
# dns proxy = when set to yes, Samba attempts to resolve NetBIOS names via DNS
# nslookups.

;       wins support = yes
;       wins server = w.x.y.z
;       wins proxy = yes

;       dns proxy = yes

# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
#
# The options in this section allow you to configure a non-default printing
# system.
#
# load printers = when set you yes, the list of printers is automatically
# loaded, rather than setting them up individually.
#
# cups options = allows you to pass options to the CUPS library. Setting this
# option to raw, for example, allows you to use drivers on your Windows clients.
#
# printcap name = used to specify an alternative printcap file.
#

        load printers = yes
        cups options = raw

;       printcap name = /etc/printcap
        # obtain a list of printers automatically on UNIX System V systems:
;       printcap name = lpstat
;       printing = cups

# --------------------------- File System Options ---------------------------
#
# The options in this section can be un-commented if the file system supports
# extended attributes, and those attributes are enabled (usually via the
# "user_xattr" mount option). These options allow the administrator to specify
# that DOS attributes are stored in extended attributes and also make sure that
# Samba does not change the permission bits.
#
# Note: These options can be used on a per-share basis. Setting them globally
# (in the [global] section) makes them the default for all shares.

;       map archive = no
;       map hidden = no
;       map read only = no
;       map system = no
;       store dos attributes = yes


#============================ Share Definitions ==============================

[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        browseable = no
        writable = yes
;       valid users = %S
;       valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S

[printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/spool/samba
        browseable = no
        guest ok = no
        writable = no
        printable = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons:
;       [netlogon]
;       comment = Network Logon Service
;       path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
;       guest ok = yes
;       writable = no
;       share modes = no

# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roaming profile share.
# The default is to use the user's home directory:
;       [Profiles]
;       path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
;       browseable = no
;       guest ok = yes

# A publicly accessible directory that is read only, except for users in the
# "staff" group (which have write permissions):
;       [public]
;       comment = Public Stuff
;       path = /home/samba
;       public = yes
;       writable = no
;       printable = no
;       write list = +staff

首先，默认配置尽量不要改，不懂就不要改；
全局 [global] 配置加一个 map to guest = Bad User
然后新加一个节点，这个节点就是你共享的文件夹信息，参考配置如下

[nas]
        path = /data/
        public = true
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mode = 0644
        force create mode = 0644
        directory mode = 0755
        force directory mode = 0755

你也不要问我这些都表示啥意思，反正你就按照我这个复制粘贴，100%能用！（当然！path = /data/ 这个你得根据自己实际需求改动）

然后，你需要修改对应的共享目录权限，比如我这里是 /data/，我就需要执行如下命令给予权限

chmod -R 777 /data/

如果你不给权限，那么就直接查（浏览），不能增删改（新建文件、文件夹等操作）

然后开启（重启）下 smb 服务就好了！就这么简单！命令如下：

service smb restart

最后肯定就是开机自启动了，一句话：chkconfig smb on 即可！简单NAS备份做好了，寒酸一点不丢人，效果达到就可以！

2022年4月21日补充

如果需要在公网环境下使用（如：有公网IP），那就最好有个账号密码机制，否则基本就是裸奔了！如何让samba使用账号机制呢？很简单，你只需要自己在系统里建立个账户，就是 useradd 用户名，然后使用 smbpasswd 用户名 即可设置该账号在 smb 协议下的密码，然后下面分享一下我的配置（需要走账号机制的配置）

# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.

[global]
        workgroup = SAMBA
        security = user
        passdb backend = tdbsam
        printing = cups
        printcap name = cups
        load printers = yes
        cups options = raw
        map to guest = Bad User

[hdd16t_01]
        path = /data/hdd16t_01
        valid users = huangjunjie
        create mask = 0755
        directory mask = 0755
        writeable = true

[hdd16t_02]
        path = /data/hdd16t_02
        valid users = huangjunjie
        create mask = 0755
        directory mask = 0755
        writeable = true

2022年10月6日更新

近来有小伙伴们反馈，说确认配置没问题，防火墙也方形了，还是提示没权限！这个其实是linux配置问题，服务端稍作修改一下即可！

输入命令 vi /etc/selinux/config
将 SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled
保存退出即可

记录一次内网搭建SMB服务经验之谈，互相学习互相进步！